The American College of Surgeons Health Policy Research Institute

American College of Surgeons Health Policy Research Institute
Advancing Health Policy Information
for Surgery in the United States

How to Explain Antibiotic Use Without Encouraging Self-Treatment

Public stewardship communication · antibiotic-use data

Antibiotic-use data can show where stewardship teams should ask better questions. Responsible public communication explains the metric and its limits while making clear that population patterns are not permission to self-diagnose or self-treat.

Editorial status: independent source analysis; see the research contributor directory.Source retrieved August 27, 2026

Begin with the measure, not the message

CDC monitors antibiotic use across outpatient, acute-care and long-term-care settings using different data sources. Outpatient pharmacy dispensing, claims, electronic health records and NHSN hospital reporting each capture different events and populations.

A public statement should therefore start with what was counted. “Prescriptions dispensed per 1,000 population” is not the same as prescriptions written, patient-days of therapy, percentage of visits or a risk-adjusted hospital ratio.

The communication goal should also be explicit. A statewide surveillance summary, a facility quality-improvement report and a patient education message can use the same source but require different levels of detail and different calls to action.

A five-line public data label

  1. Measure: count, rate, percentage, days of therapy or ratio.
  2. Population: people, visits, facilities or patient-days represented.
  3. Place and period: geography, care setting and exact year.
  4. Source: dispensing, claims, records or facility reporting.
  5. Limit: what the dataset cannot establish about diagnosis or appropriateness.
Pair awareness with a safe action

Tell readers to ask why an antibiotic is or is not recommended, how follow-up will work and what warning signs need reassessment. Do not invite them to seek a particular prescription.

Claims to avoid

  • A high regional rate proves inappropriate care.
  • A lower rate proves better outcomes for every condition.
  • One drug class is the correct choice for a symptom.
  • Leftover or shared antibiotics are a reasonable access solution.
  • Stopping a prescribed course without clinical advice is a stewardship action.

What readers can do next

Readers can use antibiotic-use data to understand why clinicians and health systems measure prescribing. For personal care, they should seek diagnosis, share allergy and medication history, follow the agreed plan and contact a qualified professional if symptoms change or treatment questions arise.

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